Soviet Cinema and influences

The soviets were of the opinion; cinema can have its own language with - use of editing

Man with a movie camera – a movie where it was edited with stock footage to make sense.

They believed in using editing to create meaning.

Eisenstein: art historian, theorist, and film director,

Idea of editing – not a creation of invisible continuity between shots.

Creation of conflict between shots in order to produce meaning.

Avant guard - optical music, cinematic painting - they were against cinema being narrative / literal/ close to literature.

Kuleshov Experiment – Juxtaposition of different element to give different meaning.

Japanese and Chinese Based – on writing,

The Copulative Heliography-

Dog + mouth = bark.

Child + mouth = scream.

By combining 2 depictables one can create that which is undepictable.

Different idea of editing

Repetition

Intellectual editing

Killing suggested by shot and editing.

Firing suggested by shots and the way it

Is edited.

Combinations of shots to recreate the feeling without showing the action that would make one feel so.

In 1960 Alfred Hitchcock used Eisenstein

Method’s to edit.

Sound is used to cover edits (i.e. – cuts in edits)

Hollywood and use of soviet cinema:

E.g. _ linking of scenes/

Wipes

Fades

Superimposition – function to imply compression of time and space.

Movie – 1941 Meeting John Doe.

Slavko Vorkapich

M – Maytime 1937 – Robert Leonard

M – Requiem of a dream 2000

EISENSTEIN DESIGNED INTELLECTUAL EDITING.

M – WALK ABOUT 1971 BBY NICOLAs Rouge.

Is an example of intellectual editing?

Soviet montage – teq uses in citizen Kane, psycho, Requiem of a dream 2000.

Soviet Montage - creating of metaphor, parallel editing, e.g. – godfather, color purple, and walk about.

TV shows that’s are interesting:

Breaking bad,

Pushing daises

Once upon a time.

Other movies to watch out for:

M – the age of innocence – martin Scorsese

M - Roger and me, 1989 Michel Moore,

Are films that use soviet style montage and editing?

French NOIR -

Italian noir

European cinema after ww2,

1945 – 1950 neorealism

e.g.- Movies like open city /paisan

French new wave – e.g. – Bergman,

Pasolini,

Szabo

GODDARD pioneered ump cuts – interrupts during a single a single shot, with abrupt change of background. Goddard often discarded rules of continuity, jerky editing.

Neorealism’s Influence – Movie -The 400 blows 1959 by Truffaut

Movie -Stage coach, movie by john ford violates axis at times.

New wave 1960 ‘s – narrative is open to improvisation and non-diegetic element, not much focus on continuity

Editing violated classical rules.

DADAISM- SURREALISM

THEMES: GENERAL IDEA ABOUT LIFE AND SOCIETY, MANKIND, WHAT THE STORY IS ABOUT. ART COVEYED BY A NARRATIVE TEXT

EG: THEMES in ATONEMENT - regret, redemption, no second chance in life. Loss of innocence, difference between seeing and believing

MOTIF – RECURRIGN ELEMENTS, IMAGES, MUSIC, PATTERN ACTIONS THAT ARE REPEATED THROUGH A NARRATIVE TEXT AND HAVE SUMBOLIC SIGNIFICANSE.

In atonement it was - water, typewriter sound

EDITIGN IN ATTOENMENT:

1. 1^ST time many of the scenes are perception, 2^nd time it is reality

2.Cross cutting.

NARRATIVE CINEMA; It tells a story by connecting events and following the developing actions of one or more character.

Traditional novels and plays, invisibility of story telling process.

Non – narrative movies are JUST IT.

Classic mainstream cinema is: editing = continuity + invisibility.

Avant Garde cinema: 1910 – 1920

NON-narrative trends – surrealism and Dadaism.

Reaction against

TRADITIONAL ART FORM

AESTHETIC EDITING

NARRATING

E.g. – man ray, water rutterman,

Asker fischinger

Movies – berlin, symphony of great city in 1927 by Walter rutterman.

Sometimes referred to as cinematic painting and optimal music.

Avant-garde movement was primarily formalist artists, who were more graphic in nature, Oskar fishinger as a great animation Avant – garde artist in cinema.

SURREALISM: ANDRE BRENTON, - USE OF DREAM LOGIC TO GET SOME MEANING THAT IS BEYOND THE LITERAL UNDERSTANDING, SOMETHING THAT CAN NEVER BE EXACTLY PINNED DOWN OR TRANSILATED INTO RATIONAL TERMS.

DADAISM- MOST OFTEN HAD NO MEANING, JUST FORMAL CONSTRUCTS.

Surrealism has some meaning or psychoanalysis, Salvador Dali.

E.g.: David lynch movies, in 2006 – inland empire.

ACAN GARDE CAN BE SEEN AS REVENGE OF POETS AND PAINTERS WHO MAKE OF THE MOVIGN IMAGES THE MAIN CHARACTER OF THE FILM.

de coupage

DECOUPAGE - one scene shot straight

Cross cutting

Establishing

Breaking

Reassembling

Is editing editing to multiple perspective MS / cu / ,,,

Alternative to cross cutting

M – time code 2000 – mike figs

M – Thomas crown affair

M – blow out

M- anything else (2003 – woody Allen)

In camera cross cutting

One from the heart – 1982 – cappola

Alternate to decoupage

INSIDE THE SHOT

DEEP FOCUS

CHARACTER MOVEMENT AND POITION

LONG TAKE

INTERACTION OF MIS-EN – SCENE AND CAMERA MOVEMENT

LONG TAKE – CAMERA RECORDS MORE THEN 25 SECOND

M – good fellas

M – paper moon

Long takes involves audience and draws them in

Bazin was of opinion – essence of cinema is realism

M – nanook of north is an example of good long takes, which draws the viewer with the realism

While

Louisiana story is more dramatic, but does not seem real (1948)

Decoupage is more dramatic and less realistic.

Brazin also went on to say – editing should be avoided in

Documentaries

Nonrealistic movies

Narrative storytelling- comedies that involve relationship with human and things .m – Mon uncle 1958 by Jacques tati

Bernardo belelucci felt, long takes are more expressive